Taxation of deposits.

What is subject to tax

Interest income exceeding the non-taxable limit and received on deposits and other bank accounts opened with banks in the Russian Federation is subject to tax.

The non-taxable limit is determined by the formula:

RUB 1 million × the maximum key rate of the Bank of Russia effective as of the 1st day of each month in the specified tax period.

2024: the maximum key  rate of the Bank of Russia was 21% → the non-taxable limit amounted to RUB 210 thousand.

When determining the tax base for calculating the tax, income in the form of interest on deposits (account balances), where the interest rate did not exceed 1% per annum, as well as on escrow accounts, is not taken into account.

 If a deposit or account is opened in a foreign currency, the interest on it is included in the tax base regardless of the amount of the interest rate. The amount of interest income is recalculated into rubles at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the income is received.

Who must pay

Tax withheld from income in the form of interest  on deposits and account balances opened with banks in  the territory of the Russian Federation is payable by both tax residents of the Russian Federation (those who stay in the country for at least 183 calendar days within 12 consecutive months) and tax non-residents of the Russian Federation who receive interest income in Russia.

Important to understand

Only interest income is subject to Personal Income Tax (PIT). The initial amount of funds deposited by the depositor into the account/ deposit is not subject to tax.

Until 01.01.2025, the following tax rates apply to income in the form of interest on deposits (account balances)

For tax residents of the Russian Federation and non-residents of the Russian Federation:

13% - if annual income does not exceed RUB 5 million;

15% - if annual income exceeds RUB 5 million (the 15% rate applies to income exceeding RUB 5 million).

Interest income on deposits and account balances received in 2024 is included in the aggregate tax bases subject to Personal Income Tax (PIT) at the tax rate of 13% / 15% (for example, salary, rental income, income from securities transactions, other income).

How much to pay

Example 1: Income received in 2024 amounted to RUB 1 million 952 thousand, including:

Rental income — RUB 200 thousand.

Salary — RUB 1.5 million

Interest income on deposits (account balances) — RUB 252 thousand.

The maximum value of the key rate of the Bank of Russia effective as of the 1st day of each month in 2024 was 21%.

The amount of interest income on deposits (account balances) not subject to taxation = RUB 1 million * 21% = RUB 210 thousand.

Total income for 2024 subject to taxation^

 RUB 200 thousand + RUB 1.5  million + (RUB 252 thousand — RUB 210 thousand) = RUB 1 million 742  thousand.

Tax on all income will amount to RUB 226.4 thousand (RUB 1 million 742 thousand * 13%).

In this case, RUB 42 thousand (RUB 252 thousand — RUB 210 thousand) is the part of interest income on deposits (account balances) on which tax must be paid in the amount of RUB 5,460.

From 01.01.2025, for income in the form of interest on deposits (account balances) received by tax residents of the Russian Federation, a two-tier tax rate scale applies:

13% - if annual income does not exceed RUB 2.4 million;

15% - if annual income exceeds RUB 2.4 million (the 15% rate applies to income exceeding RUB 2.4 million).

When calculating tax under this scale, other investment income will also be taken into account, for example, from securities transactions, sale of property, and interests in Russian companies.

In 2025, as soon as the total interest income on all deposits and accounts, as well as other investment income, for the year exceeds RUB 2.4 million, such total income will be taxed at a 15% rate (for tax residents).

Example 2

Suppose that in 2025 income on deposits of RUB 350,000 and income from the sale of an apartment (with the property tax deduction used) of RUB 3,500,000 are received. The maximum key rate of the Bank of Russia, for example, will be 21%, which means the non-taxable income on deposits will be RUB 210,000.

Taxable annual income will amount to:

RUB 3,500,000 + (RUB 350,000 — RUB 210,000) = RUB 3,640,000. The total income exceeds RUB 2.4 million, which means a 15% tax rate will apply to the excess portion. Let us calculate the total amount of Personal Income Tax (PIT): (RUB 2,400,000 × 13%) + (RUB 1,240,000 × 15%) = RUB 312,000 + RUB 186,000 = RUB 498,000.

For income in the form of interest on deposits/accounts with foreign banks received by tax residents of the Russian Federation, a five-tier tax rate scale from 13% to 22% applies.

Please note that from January 1, 2025, a five-tier progressive scale (from 13% to 22% depending on the amount of income) applies to income including salaries, and is not aggregated with income in the form of interest on deposits (account balances).

With regard to income in the form of interest on deposits (account balances) received by tax non-residents of the Russian Federation, a 15% rate will apply from 2025.

When calculating the tax amount, interest income is taken into account for the year in which it is actually received. If interest is accrued by the bank as replenishment of the same deposit (deposits with capitalization), interest income is taken into account in the tax period in which such interest was credited.

For example, a fixed-term deposit was opened on September 20, 2023 for a term of 3 years. Under the terms of such deposit, interest is accrued only at the end of the deposit term, that is, the interest will be paid only on September 20, 2026. The bank will submit information on the interest received to the tax authority only based on the results of 2026 - no later than February 1, 2027.

For long-term deposits with a term of more than 15 months, under which interest is paid at the end of the term, the amount of non-taxable interest income is determined not for the last year of the deposit term when interest is paid, but for each year of its term, and reduces the interest attributable to the relevant period.

For the taxation of interest income on deposits with a term exceeding 15 months, and under which interest is paid at the end of the term, the possibility is предусмотрена of carrying forward to future periods part of the amount of non-taxable interest income (the non-taxable limit) not used in the current tax period (applies to income received starting from 01.01.2023).

The rules are as follows:

- if in the expired year an individual did not receive interest on deposits (or such interest was exempt from taxation), then in the following year the non-taxable limit is carried forward in full;

- if in the expired year an individual received interest on deposits, then the unused balance of the non-taxable limit is carried forward to the following year.

The changes regarding the determination of the amount of the excess apply starting from the calendar year in which the long-term bank deposit agreement was concluded

Example 3

In 2024, interest income in the amount of RUB 210,000 was not subject to tax, income on deposits in the amount of RUB 110,000 was received, and one deposit for 15 months was opened, which will mature in 2025.

For 2025, the unused balance of non-taxable income in the amount of RUB 100,000 (RUB 210,000 — RUB 110,000) is carried forward. In addition, the amount of non-taxable income — for example, RUB 220,000 — will be applied to deposit income.

This means that tax on the long-term deposit will not be charged on income up to RUB 320,000: RUB 100,000 remained from 2024 and RUB 220,000 is the non-taxable limit for 2025.

This provision applies retroactively — from 2023. The Federal Tax Service will recalculate the tax for 2023 based on the information that banks will submit to it on long-term deposits in 2025.

When to pay

A citizen must independently pay the tax based on the results of 2024.

Deadline — until December 1, 2025.

Declaration of interest income by individuals or any other additional formalities are not required.

How to pay

The bank sends information on the client’s interest income on deposits and accounts to the tax authority once a year, but does not withhold the tax itself — it is not a tax agent.

The calculation of the tax amount based on the results of the tax period is carried out independently by the tax authority on the basis of information on the amounts of interest paid in respect of each individual to whom such payments were made during the tax period, as submitted by banks, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as the state corporation Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA).

The amount of income received on deposits (account balances) is reflected in the taxpayer’s personal account.

The calculated tax amount is included in the consolidated tax notice, which is generated and sent by the tax authorities after the end of the calendar year. The tax notice will be sent to individuals in September - October 2025 for 2024.